Interpretations of Statistics

Read the following article:
Kim, J.S., Chung, S.H., Park, Y.J., & Kang, H.Y. (2012). The effectiveness of an aquarobic exercise program for patients with osteoarthritis. Applied Nursing Research, 25(3), 181- 189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2010.10.001

• Define precisely the target population to which the statistical analysis can be
generalized.
• List all dependent/outcome variables
o Identify specifically how the researcher(s) operationalized it.
o Identify the level of measurement.
• List the main independent/explanatory variable in the study.
• List all instances of t-tests in this article.
o Formulate a null hypothesis for each test.
o State in a sentence what the associated probability value indicates.
• In Table 5, the authors show “changes in dependent variables between the experimental
and control groups”; however, the authors did not conduct paired t-tests, but
independent-sample t-tests.
o What outcome measures were compared across the two groups?
o What are the possible ramifications of doing an inappropriate test?

3. Read the following article:
Hart, S.E. (2012). Hospital ethical climates and registered nurses’ turnover intentions. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(2), 173-177. ttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547- 5069.2005.00030.x

• Define precisely the target population to which the statistical analysis can be
generalized.
o Is the study sample a random sample of the population?
• List all dependent/outcome variables
o Identify specifically how the researcher(s) operationalized it.
o Identify the level of measurement.
• List the main independent/explanatory variable in the study.
• State the null hypothesis for each Pearson’s r correlation in Table 1.
o What do the “statistically significant” findings imply?
• What evidence does the author provide that the assumptions of the linear regression model and the Pearson’s r correlation are met/