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Happiness & Wellbeing

GEHP111 _01 Student Workbook: PPIs and Summaries
Name: _______________________________ ID: _____________________
Section:_______
THIS DOCUMENT IS WORTH 16%; DO NOT LOSE IT!
Course Evaluation and Grading:
Assessment Methods Weight % Due Date
Midterm 25 As scheduled
Final 30 As scheduled
Video 10 Due at designated schedule
Article summary (Part 1) 5 Due at designated schedule
Article Summary (Part 2) 5 Due at designated schedule
Workbook 16 In class
Home assignments 9
Total 100%

Assessment
Video
Students will choose one PPI (as a group) and create a video about it. They will explain the PPI to their audience and also review an article showing evidence for that strategy. These will be viewed by the class throughout the semester. Your instructor will create a list of PPIs and a schedule for you to choose from.
Article Summary Students will choose one PPI and write a summary of a peer reviewed article about it. And prepare their own described idea for the PPI for their community.
Midterm Based on course materials
Final Exam Based on course materials
Workbook Students will complete a workbook in which there will be reflection questions, summaries and PPIs. The workbook is graded on a “complete” or “incomplete” basis.
Home assignments Students will complete three small home assignments for discussions and presentations in class


Part I (8%)
Pre-Midterm
Week 1: Class 1; Introductions
Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI): Introduction: Tell me about yourself. What’s great, weird, odd, and funny? Write a one-page, single-spaced positive introduction about who you are. (1)


Week 1: Class 2: What is positive psychology?

Read these two articles to discuss in groups
https://www.thoughtco.com/positive-psychology-4777735

Put down main points:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-good-life/200805/what-is-positive-psychology-and-what-is-it-not
Put down main points:

Write down 3 good things in your life right now. Then, note what you did to make those things happen and what else you might do to keep those things going.

Salama-Younes, M. (2015). Positive psychology: Applications, concepts and future perspectives in Arab countries. Middle East Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 45-59. http://www.middleeastjournalofpositivepsychology.org/index.php/mejpp/article/view/26/20
Write down main points for the summary:


Week 2: Class 1 How to read an article
Reading academic articles are not easy and most students are afraid of them. But once you know how these are laid out, they become pretty easy (well, easier!) to read. This class will help you for your video project. Any notes you need to take, you can do here.
Home assignment practice:
Choose ONE of the following articles and prepare a summary of it.

• Kaplan, S., Bradley-Geist, J., Ahmad, A., Anderson, A., Hargrove, A., & Lindsey, A. (2014). A Test of Two Positive Psychology Interventions to Increase Employee Well-Being. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(3), 367-380. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24709841
• Seear, K., & Vella-Brodrick, D. (2013). Efficacy of Positive Psychology Interventions to Increase Well-Being: Examining the Role of Dispositional Mindfulness. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1125-1141. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24720299
• Lyubomirsky, S., & Abbe, A. (2003). Positive Psychology’s Legs. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 132-136. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1449820
• Martin E. P. Seligman, & Pawelski, J. (2003). Positive Psychology: FAQs. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 159-163. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1449825

Your summary for ONE of the four articles above:


Week 2: Class 2: Culture and Happiness
Write down 3 good things in your life right now. Then, note what you did to make those things happen and what else you might do to keep those things going.

1. Ask 10 people from different cultures what they think about happiness? Do they fear it, pursue it, what does it mean to them? What themes did you notice? (1)

2. What are your beliefs on happiness? Is there too much of a focus on happiness; what are the consequences? On the other hand, do we pursue it enough and could we improve? What would be the consequences of a greater pursuit of happiness? What’s a good balance for you? How (if at all) might you pursue or think about happiness from now on?


Week 3: Class 1/2: Culture and Happiness
Three good things?

Today’s reading. Use reading sheet to answer questions.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273517798_Happiness_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates_conceptualisations_of_happiness_among_Emirati_and_other_Arab_students/link/56e80be508ae166360e4d87a/download
Research goal of the study

Cultural conceptions of happiness

Happiness in the Arab world – collectivism???
Method

Results for Emirati group

Results for other Arab group
Main conclusion

Week 4/ Class 1: Pathways to Happiness

PERMA Pathways Rate 1-10 If you were to rewrite the pathway for yourself, what would yours say? (1 for all)
Positive emotions & pleasure I love enjoying myself and delight in pleasures on a daily basis whether it’s laughing, enjoying a good meal, savoring a child’s laughter, buying shoes, or listening to music, watching the sunset.

Engagement & Flow I often and easily lose myself in difficult activities like scrap booking, playing tennis, doing research, solving cross-words, collecting stamps or in activities others think I spend much time doing.

Relationship I care deeply about family and friends. I call them often and spend as much time with them as I can. If they are sad or need help, I try to help or just sit with them. My social circle means everything to me; I would choose them every day over activities. I find my happiness in others.

Meaning My values, beliefs, or religion matters. When I decide to do something, I consider how it fits my purpose. I do the right thing. Morals are vital. I think about how I live my life; what it means.

Accomplishment I set goals and see how much I achieve and make happen for myself. I like to see how far I can go and what I am made of. I love succeeding, meeting my goals and setting new ones!

PPI: Mindfulness is the state of being attentive and aware of what is happening in the immediate present. When mindful, we are open to experience and not stuck in mindless, automatic routine, nor are we overly self-conscious. We can choose our responses and regulate our emotions. We can also make more room for positive events and positive emotions more fully as mindfulness involves the ability to suspend past or future distractions. Your mind should be at the same place as your body. This seems obvious, but we spend a lot of time speeding ahead to next month or reliving the events of 2004. While positive reminiscing is encouraged to generate positive feelings in the present, reminiscing about negative events in the past, or those we believe will happen in the future is not productive and leads to depression and anxiety. Moreover, who is living your life today if you are totally absorbed in the past or future? You are missing opportunities for change, positive events, and the goodness around you because you are too mentally busy to notice it. (1)
How did this work for me?

Questions about mindfulness: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjtfyuTTQFY
1. Define “mulling”.

2. What does “in the zone” mean?

3. What are some benefits of meditation?

4. What is the 3 step approach mentioned in the video?

5. What should you do if your mind wanders?

6. What happens to your rate of breathing?

Summary of the PERMA Model: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhcD2y2m-sw
1. Who created the PERMA Theory?

2. Are life satisfaction and happiness the same? Describe their relationship.

3. Is positive emotion enough to be happy and satisfied in life? Why (not)?

4. What is an example of engagement mentioned in the video?

5. Are simply having relationships enough for wellbeing in life?

6. Where does meaning come from? Where can we get meaning in life? Give examples from the video.


Week 4: Class 2: Broaden and Build Model
Write down 3 good things in your life right now. Then, note what you did to make those things happen and what else you might do to keep those things going.

Make a list of as many positive emotions as you can think of.

Now, think of a time when you have felt one of those most strongly. Write about it and remember how it felt. Then, share your story with people in the breakout room.

PPI: Savoring is the ability to focus inwards, appreciate, and augment positive life experiences. An example of savoring occurs when grandparents pass the day with their grandchild and focus on how he looks, talks, laughs, and acts, and imprint him to memory. Another example is when your favorite song comes on the radio and you turn it up and sing along, appreciate life and watch the scenery. You don’t waste it by thinking of a problem or texting. We can savor by taking in the details of what we see, hear, and feel and noticing our own movements and senses. We should also absorb the atmosphere of the positive settings and consider the importance of those moments. Actively building memories by focusing on details can help us recollect these for later and helps to generate life satisfaction through the positive feelings it elicits.
Savoring is about attending to pleasure. Instead of gulping down that latte, savor it. Notice how the first gulp tastes in your mouth, how it smells (caramel maybe?), the warmth on your hands emanating from the cup, and how it heats up your body. Be present to the experience instead of focusing outside watching traffic. You don’t have to do this the entire time, but at least once. We are surrounded by moments of pleasure all day long, however, we need to attend to them in order to benefit. Try to savor at least three moments this week by focusing on what you can see, smell, taste, hear, and touch.
How did this work for me? (1)

Positive Emotions (video)
Watch the video and answer the questions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKggZhYwoys
(00-2:00)
1. According to scientists, what percentage of your cells is replaced each day?

2. How long does it take to make a lifestyle change?

3. According to recent research, what do emotions affect?

4. What does an increase in positive emotions change?

(3:00-4:59)
5. What does loving kindness meditation ask people to cultivate?

6. In the chart presented (4:03), was there a huge increase in the group who meditated for 8 weeks?

7. Were the subjects in the meditation group beginner or experienced?

8. What is one of the resources that people attain with an increase of positive emotion traits?

(5:00-6:00)
9. What is resilience?

10. What were some of the findings that Fredrickson discovered post-meditation?

(6:00-7:00)
11. What does languish mean?

12. Fredrickson claims that the amount of positive emotions people have in their lives can predict if people will languish or flourish. What does this mean?


Reading & Summary for today:
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/four_ways_happiness_can_hurt_you#:~:text=What’s%20more%2C%20psychologist%20Barbara%20Fredrickson,actually%20lead%20to%20psychological%20harm.


Week 5: Class 1: Flow
Three good things – you know how to do this right?

Reflection: What hobbies do you have in which you spend much time and use your talents/skills? If none, why do you think that is? Give reasons that apply to you and perhaps for other students.


What were some activities you used to do when you were a kid?

Recall these activities and put yourself back there, how did they feel? What did you accomplish? How did you feel about yourself doing them? What positive experiences emerged? What negative experiences did you have and what did those teach you?

Why did your parents feel it was important to put you in extracurricular activities?

PPI: Flow. Think about where you could achieve flow on a weekly basis in your current life. What did you used to do that brought you joy that you could do again? Or what might be a new activity that you could devote a little time weekly so that you could be rejuvenated for your work and move yourself towards a greater version of yourself? (1)

Introduction
Flow =
Survey Your Life

Csikszentmihalyi study –

More flow =

Less flow =
Pick an Activity

Leisure-
Physical activity-
Work-
Music-
Relationships-
Thinking-

Flow Triggers

Rest

How to Cultivate Flow Adapted from Positive Psychopedia


“There is never a good excuse for being bored,” writes Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life.
There are opportunities for flow everywhere, even if they are difficult to find. Flow is different from many of the other happiness practices. It is not something that you can command. Instead, the best method to practice flow is create conditions that are ideal for flow. Look at the four elements below to understand how to attain flow.
1. Survey your life
A study by Csikszentmihalyi and his team asked people about how concentrated and in flow they were during a variety of daily activities. Hobbies, sports, and movies tend to give us the most flow, followed by working and driving. In contrast, some of the activities we seek out – like watching TV, reading, and rest – give us less flow than average. Therefore, it is difficult to know what makes us happy.
2. Pick a flow activity
When do you experience the most concentration and flow? According to the results of Csikszentmihalyi’s study, it’s likely to be during a favorite hobby or at work.
Once you find an activity to focus on, commit to spending more time doing it.
• Flow in leisure. Playing sports or chess, photography, or starting a collection. Keep an eye out for hobbies or interests that grab your attention, and indulge them.
• Flow in physical activity. Play sports, exercise, walk – whatever gets your body moving.
• Flow at work. Work is one of the easiest places to find flow, because many of the common triggers of flow are present there already.
• Flow through music. Have you ever sat down and really listened to music? For some people, this is a novel experience – we tend to listen to music when we’re doing other things, like exercising or commuting. Csikszentmihalyi found that the people who find flow in music have some sort of ritual, where they set aside special time for it and then turn down the lights and block out other distractions.
• Flow in relationships. Boredom can set in in long-term relationships, but flow can keep us energized and connected. Focus on having better conversations, trying new activities together, and setting shared goals.
• Flow in thinking. We can enter a flow state with only our minds as a tool. For example, we might get into flow by daydreaming, reminiscing about the past, or thinking about the meaning of life. Reading is another popular way to find flow. Learning for the love of learning is another method to achieve flow.
3. Add flow triggers
Once you’ve selected an area of your life where you want to cultivate more flow, it’s time to set up a flow-nurturing environment. In his book The Rise of Superman: Decoding the Science of Ultimate Human Performance, Steven Kotler explains all the “flow triggers” that his team and other researchers have identified. The people who spend more of their lives in flow try to structure their lives around these triggers – so try to add them to your activity of choice.
1. High consequences. This is the trigger favored by action-adventure athletes: they put themselves in situations – climbing a mountain without ropes, or riding rapids – where death is always knocking at their door. Thanks to evolution, our brains sit up and pay attention when our lives are on the line. But the risks that trigger flow can also be social, mental, or emotional.
2. Rich environment. Evolution has also trained us to pay attention to things that are new, unpredictable, or complex. Putting ourselves in a new situation uses this trigger.
3. Deep embodiment. When all our five senses are taking in information, and we’re calculating our position and balance, we may get into flow. This trigger is present in yoga, martial arts, walking meditation, and sports.
4. Clear goals. Like a mountain climber or a salesperson, we focus when goals are clearly defined: reach the summit or make the sale. Goals seem to provide a framework within which we can lose ourselves, confident that we know where we’re going.
5. Immediate feedback. Once we have a clear direction, feedback lets us know that we’re getting closer. Feedback might come from other people, from our own personal standards, or (most helpfully) from the activity itself. The quicker the feedback comes, the faster we can course-correct and the more likely we are to get into flow. In groups, feedback takes the form of communication – like family members sharing thoughts and laughter.
6. Challenges match skills. One of the reasons flow activities engage us is that they demand much from us: we have to bring our full concentration and abilities to tackle the challenges at hand. It’s hard to get into flow if the challenge is far beyond our means – it creates stress – or too easy – it creates boredom. Researchers suggest the sweet spot is something that’s 4% harder than our skills.
7. Deep concentration. Deep concentration can drive us into flow, where we don’t have the brain cells to spare for the sound of a text message or the feeling of inadequacy. This contributes to the sense that we’re acting almost automatically or spontaneously during a flow experience.
8. Control. We feel a sense of control in flow. The control we feel in flow is effortless – in fact, it almost feels as if something else is in control. In groups, even though members have to collaborate and work together, they all feel competent and free to do what they want.
9. Focus on the present. Flow is a state of harmony, where thoughts, emotions, and goals are completely aligned with the current task. In groups, this present focus takes the form of close listening to each other – we focus on understanding someone’s meaning in a conversation, instead of planning our next move.
10. Equal participation. In group flow, each member feels like they’re contributing to the conversation, performance, or product.
11. Blending egos. When someone is the center of attention, it’s very hard for everyone else to get into flow – think of the basketball player who won’t pass or the musician who insists on playing more loudly than everyone else.
12. Familiarity. Groups in flow, whether they’re sports teams, jazz ensembles, or book clubs, share a common language, knowledge, and assumptions. They don’t have to stop to explain lingo or decisions; everyone is on the same page.
13. Always say yes. Flow is collaborative, not argumentative. If groups are going to flow, they need to build on each other rather than tearing each other down.
14. Being creative. By definition, creativity involves taking risks and seeing new patterns (triggers 1 and 2). This combination of high consequences and novelty means that moments of creativity are often moments of flow.
4. Rest
Psychologist Daniel Goleman reminds us that focus is like a muscle – and muscles get tired. We can’t be in flow all the time, but there are better and worse ways to relax. Some of them require little concentration, like taking a walk in nature, while others are focused but still relaxing.


Week 5: Class 2: Engagement and Doing

Three good things…

What society expects you to do as an adult? What YOU’D like to do as an adult?

What’s your form of “play?” (1)
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Homework 2
Ask 5 people what they do outside work, school and/or parenting?
Put the results of your small study here:
Participants Age Gender What do they do?
1
2
3
4
5

Reflection:
Do we as a society, spend enough time on ‘good recreation’ (e.g., sports) or passive leisure (e.g., watching movies)?

What are the physical, emotional, and social results?

Do you use free time well?


Week 6: Class 2 “Time Off”
3 good things:

How do you spend your time off? Is it helpful? Energising? Productive? Inspiring? Describe it.

How Most People Waste Their Time Off Adapted from Stillman, J. (Inc.com)
So how was your holiday break? Did the time off refresh you? Did you use your long weekend to the fullest? Are you energized and ready to come back to work? Too often when we return from vacation, our answers to these questions are sadly negative. Either our time away flew by, or we somehow manage to feel just as tense at the end of the break as we did at the beginning. There has to be a better way. The problem is that our instincts on how to best utilize our time off are often at odds with the psychology of what actually refreshes the human brain. In short: your desire to sit around doing as little as possible is probably destroying your breaks.
Why your “relaxing” doesn’t work
Many people prefer lazing around on their time off but according to legendary psychologist and Flow author Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, this sort of slothful “relaxation” actually doesn’t do much to reset and refresh your brain. “For quite a few people free time is… wasted,” claims Csikszentmihalyi. “Leisure provides a relaxing respite from work, but it generally consists of passively absorbing information, without using any skills or exploring new opportunities for action. As a result life passes in a sequence of boring and anxious experiences over which a person has little control.”
What should you do instead of binging on your favorite Netflix show or relaxing in your friend’s back garden? Csikszentmihalyi insists that if you really want to refresh your mind, you need to engage it. People are “happiest when they were just talking to one another, when they gardened or were involved in a hobby,” he explains, citing his research and noting that all of these activities “demand a relatively high investment of psychic energy.” So if you want your break to feel actually enjoyable and worthwhile (and also longer — laziness makes time feel like it passed in the blink of an eye), you need to actually do something a little challenging.
The limits of relaxing
It’s not just Csikszentmihalyi who makes this point. Time use expert Laura Vanderkam also agrees that the most refreshing breaks aren’t necessarily the most relaxing. “Other kinds of work–be it exercise, a creative hobby, hands-on parenting, or volunteering–will do more to preserve your zest for work challenges than complete vegetation,” she has written before recommending that, if you really want to feel fully energized after a break, you should proactively schedule challenging or engaging activities rather than just planning to relax and take things the days as they come.
How do you relax?

Introduction
Paragraphs 1-3

Why relaxing does not work

Paragraphs 1-4

Limits of Relaxing

Paragraphs 1-2


How Successful People Spend Their Weekends Adapted from Bradberry T. (Forbes.com)
A new study from Stanford University shows that productivity per hour declines sharply when the workweek exceeds 50 hours, and it drops off so much after 55 hours that there’s no point in working any more. Therefore, people who work as much as 70 hours (or more) per week actually get the same amount done as people who work 55 hours. Those extra hours are wasted. Successful people know the importance of shifting gears on the weekend to relaxing and rejuvenating activities. They use their weekends to create a better week ahead. This is easier said than done. The following list contains 10 things that successful people do to find balance on the weekend and to come into work at 110% at the start of the week.
1. They Wake Up at the Same Time
It is tempting to sleep in on the weekend to catch up on your sleep. Though it feels good temporarily, having an inconsistent wake-up time disturbs your circadian rhythm. Your body cycles through an elaborate series of sleep phases in order for you to wake up rested and refreshed. One of these phases involves preparing your mind to be awake and alert, which is why people often wake up just before their alarm clock goes off (the brain is trained and ready). When you sleep past your regular wake-up time on the weekend, you end up feeling groggy and tired. This isn’t just disruptive to your day off, it also makes you less productive at the start of the work week because your brain isn’t ready to wake up at your regular time. If you need to catch up on sleep, just go to bed earlier.
2. They Designate Mornings as Me Time
It can be difficult to get time to yourself on the weekends, especially if you have family. Finding a way to engage in an activity you’re passionate about first thing in the morning can pay massive dividends in happiness and cleanliness of mind. It is also a great way to perfect your circadian rhythm by forcing yourself to wake up at the same time you do on weekdays. Your mind achieves peak performance two-to-four hours after you wake up, so get up early to do something physical, and then sit down and engage in something mental while your mind is at its peak.
3. They Schedule Micro-Adventures
Buy tickets to a concert or play. Instead of running on a treadmill, plan a hike. Try something you haven’t done before or perhaps something you haven’t done in a long time. Studies show that anticipating something good to come is a significant part of what makes the activity pleasurable. Knowing that you have something interesting planned for Saturday will not only be fun, but it will significantly improve your mood throughout the week.
4. They Pursue a Passion
You might be surprised what happens when you pursue something you’re passionate about on weekends. Indulging your passions is a great way to escape stress and to open your mind to new ways of thinking. Things like playing music, reading, writing or painting, can help stimulate different modes of thought that can reap huge dividends over the coming week.
5. They Disconnect
Disconnecting is the most important weekend strategy on this list, because if you can’t find a way to remove yourself electronically from your work then you’ve never really left work. Making yourself available to your work 24/7 exposes you to a constant barrage of stressors that prevent you from refocusing and recharging. If taking the entire weekend off handling work e-mails and calls isn’t realistic, try designating specific times on the weekend for checking e-mails and responding to voicemails. Scheduling short blocks of time will alleviate stress without sacrificing availability.
6. They Minimize Chores
Chores have a funny habit of completely taking over your weekends. When this happens, you lose the opportunity to relax and reflect. What’s worse is that a lot of chores feel like work, and if you spend all weekend doing them, you just put in a seven-day workweek. To keep this from happening, you need to schedule your chores like you would anything else during the week, and if you don’t complete them during the allotted time, you move on and finish them the following weekend.
7. They Exercise
No time to exercise during the week? You have 48 hours every weekend to make it happen. Getting your body moving for as little as 10 minutes releases GABA, a soothing neurotransmitter that reduces stress. Exercise is also a great way to come up with new ideas. Innovators and other successful people know that being outdoors often sparks creativity. Whether you’re running, cycling, or gardening, exercise leads to endorphin-fueled introspection. The key is to find a physical activity that does this for you and then to make it an important part of your weekend routine.
8. They Reflect
Weekly reflection is a powerful tool for improvement. Use the weekend to contemplate the larger forces that are shaping your industry, your organization, and your job. You should be able to see things in a whole new light. Use this insight to alter your approach to the coming week, improving the efficiency and efficacy of your work.
9. They Spend Quality Time with Family
Spending quality time with your family on the weekend is essential if you want to recharge and relax. Family time on the weekend is so important. Weekdays are so hectic that the entire week can fly by with little quality family time.
10. They Prepare for the Upcoming Week
The weekend is a great time to spend a few moments planning your upcoming week. As little as 30 minutes of planning can yield significant gains in productivity and reduced stress. The week feels a lot more manageable when you go into it with a plan because all you have to do is execute it.
Introduction

Wake up

Me Time

Micro-adventures

Passion

Disconnect

Chores

Exercise

Reflect

Family

Prepare Upcoming Week

Week 7: Class 1 Character Strengths
3 good things…

Reflection: What strengths do you have? Write a short story of 1-3 paragraphs about a time when you were at your very best; what strengths were you showing? (1)

Think of a time when you did not use your strengths. How was the result different? How did you feel differently about you? How did acting on your strengths bring out the best in you/situation?

Complete the VIA: http://www.viacharacter.org/www/Character-Strengths-Survey
Reflection: My top 5 strengths are: (1)

Look at the definitions of your 5 strengths; is the test accurate? Is it how you describe yourself?

How do you use these in your everyday life?

What happens when you are prevented from using your top strengths and have to rely on some of your weaker ones instead? How does it feel? How are you less productive or personable? How is it different to use your top versus weak strengths?


Week 7: Class 2 Strengths Continued
Today, you will make a video of yourself describing your strengths just like you heard in the video. You can show it in the next class (1)
How did you feel about yourself doing this video? Was it hard to describe yourself? What did you end up saying? Would it be appealing for employers?

Reflection: What should you know about yourself when applying for a job? Why does a match between your strengths and work matter?


PPI: Think about your family members who, over the course of history, overcame adversity with admiration. Describe their strengths, good deeds, reputation, and lasting legacy. For instance, was your grandmother brave? What stories do you remember about her? Are your uncles funny, generous? You can do this with your family and describe family members with stories of how these strengthsGEHP111 _01 Student Workbook: PPIs and Summaries
Name: _______________________________ ID: _____________________
Section:_______
THIS DOCUMENT IS WORTH 16%; DO NOT LOSE IT!
Course Evaluation and Grading:
Assessment Methods Weight % Due Date
Midterm 25 As scheduled
Final 30 As scheduled
Video 10 Due at designated schedule
Article summary (Part 1) 5 Due at designated schedule
Article Summary (Part 2) 5 Due at designated schedule
Workbook 16 In class
Home assignments 9
Total 100%

Assessment
Video
Students will choose one PPI (as a group) and create a video about it. They will explain the PPI to their audience and also review an article showing evidence for that strategy. These will be viewed by the class throughout the semester. Your instructor will create a list of PPIs and a schedule for you to choose from.
Article Summary Students will choose one PPI and write a summary of a peer reviewed article about it. And prepare their own described idea for the PPI for their community.
Midterm Based on course materials
Final Exam Based on course materials
Workbook Students will complete a workbook in which there will be reflection questions, summaries and PPIs. The workbook is graded on a “complete” or “incomplete” basis.
Home assignments Students will complete three small home assignments for discussions and presentations in class


Part I (8%)
Pre-Midterm
Week 1: Class 1; Introductions
Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI): Introduction: Tell me about yourself. What’s great, weird, odd, and funny? Write a one-page, single-spaced positive introduction about who you are. (1)


Week 1: Class 2: What is positive psychology?

Read these two articles to discuss in groups
https://www.thoughtco.com/positive-psychology-4777735

Put down main points:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-good-life/200805/what-is-positive-psychology-and-what-is-it-not
Put down main points:

Write down 3 good things in your life right now. Then, note what you did to make those things happen and what else you might do to keep those things going.

Salama-Younes, M. (2015). Positive psychology: Applications, concepts and future perspectives in Arab countries. Middle East Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 45-59. http://www.middleeastjournalofpositivepsychology.org/index.php/mejpp/article/view/26/20
Write down main points for the summary:


Week 2: Class 1 How to read an article
Reading academic articles are not easy and most students are afraid of them. But once you know how these are laid out, they become pretty easy (well, easier!) to read. This class will help you for your video project. Any notes you need to take, you can do here.
Home assignment practice:
Choose ONE of the following articles and prepare a summary of it.

• Kaplan, S., Bradley-Geist, J., Ahmad, A., Anderson, A., Hargrove, A., & Lindsey, A. (2014). A Test of Two Positive Psychology Interventions to Increase Employee Well-Being. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(3), 367-380. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24709841
• Seear, K., & Vella-Brodrick, D. (2013). Efficacy of Positive Psychology Interventions to Increase Well-Being: Examining the Role of Dispositional Mindfulness. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1125-1141. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24720299
• Lyubomirsky, S., & Abbe, A. (2003). Positive Psychology’s Legs. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 132-136. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1449820
• Martin E. P. Seligman, & Pawelski, J. (2003). Positive Psychology: FAQs. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 159-163. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1449825

Your summary for ONE of the four articles above:


Week 2: Class 2: Culture and Happiness
Write down 3 good things in your life right now. Then, note what you did to make those things happen and what else you might do to keep those things going.

1. Ask 10 people from different cultures what they think about happiness? Do they fear it, pursue it, what does it mean to them? What themes did you notice? (1)

2. What are your beliefs on happiness? Is there too much of a focus on happiness; what are the consequences? On the other hand, do we pursue it enough and could we improve? What would be the consequences of a greater pursuit of happiness? What’s a good balance for you? How (if at all) might you pursue or think about happiness from now on?


Week 3: Class 1/2: Culture and Happiness
Three good things?

Today’s reading. Use reading sheet to answer questions.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273517798_Happiness_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates_conceptualisations_of_happiness_among_Emirati_and_other_Arab_students/link/56e80be508ae166360e4d87a/download
Research goal of the study

Cultural conceptions of happiness

Happiness in the Arab world – collectivism???
Method

Results for Emirati group

Results for other Arab group
Main conclusion

Week 4/ Class 1: Pathways to Happiness

PERMA Pathways Rate 1-10 If you were to rewrite the pathway for yourself, what would yours say? (1 for all)
Positive emotions & pleasure I love enjoying myself and delight in pleasures on a daily basis whether it’s laughing, enjoying a good meal, savoring a child’s laughter, buying shoes, or listening to music, watching the sunset.

Engagement & Flow I often and easily lose myself in difficult activities like scrap booking, playing tennis, doing research, solving cross-words, collecting stamps or in activities others think I spend much time doing.

Relationship I care deeply about family and friends. I call them often and spend as much time with them as I can. If they are sad or need help, I try to help or just sit with them. My social circle means everything to me; I would choose them every day over activities. I find my happiness in others.

Meaning My values, beliefs, or religion matters. When I decide to do something, I consider how it fits my purpose. I do the right thing. Morals are vital. I think about how I live my life; what it means.

Accomplishment I set goals and see how much I achieve and make happen for myself. I like to see how far I can go and what I am made of. I love succeeding, meeting my goals and setting new ones!

PPI: Mindfulness is the state of being attentive and aware of what is happening in the immediate present. When mindful, we are open to experience and not stuck in mindless, automatic routine, nor are we overly self-conscious. We can choose our responses and regulate our emotions. We can also make more room for positive events and positive emotions more fully as mindfulness involves the ability to suspend past or future distractions. Your mind should be at the same place as your body. This seems obvious, but we spend a lot of time speeding ahead to next month or reliving the events of 2004. While positive reminiscing is encouraged to generate positive feelings in the present, reminiscing about negative events in the past, or those we believe will happen in the future is not productive and leads to depression and anxiety. Moreover, who is living your life today if you are totally absorbed in the past or future? You are missing opportunities for change, positive events, and the goodness around you because you are too mentally busy to notice it. (1)
How did this work for me?

Questions about mindfulness: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjtfyuTTQFY
1. Define “mulling”.

2. What does “in the zone” mean?

3. What are some benefits of meditation?

4. What is the 3 step approach mentioned in the video?

5. What should you do if your mind wanders?

6. What happens to your rate of breathing?

Summary of the PERMA Model: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhcD2y2m-sw
1. Who created the PERMA Theory?

2. Are life satisfaction and happiness the same? Describe their relationship.

3. Is positive emotion enough to be happy and satisfied in life? Why (not)?

4. What is an example of engagement mentioned in the video?

5. Are simply having relationships enough for wellbeing in life?

6. Where does meaning come from? Where can we get meaning in life? Give examples from the video.


Week 4: Class 2: Broaden and Build Model
Write down 3 good things in your life right now. Then, note what you did to make those things happen and what else you might do to keep those things going.

Make a list of as many positive emotions as you can think of.

Now, think of a time when you have felt one of those most strongly. Write about it and remember how it felt. Then, share your story with people in the breakout room.

PPI: Savoring is the ability to focus inwards, appreciate, and augment positive life experiences. An example of savoring occurs when grandparents pass the day with their grandchild and focus on how he looks, talks, laughs, and acts, and imprint him to memory. Another example is when your favorite song comes on the radio and you turn it up and sing along, appreciate life and watch the scenery. You don’t waste it by thinking of a problem or texting. We can savor by taking in the details of what we see, hear, and feel and noticing our own movements and senses. We should also absorb the atmosphere of the positive settings and consider the importance of those moments. Actively building memories by focusing on details can help us recollect these for later and helps to generate life satisfaction through the positive feelings it elicits.
Savoring is about attending to pleasure. Instead of gulping down that latte, savor it. Notice how the first gulp tastes in your mouth, how it smells (caramel maybe?), the warmth on your hands emanating from the cup, and how it heats up your body. Be present to the experience instead of focusing outside watching traffic. You don’t have to do this the entire time, but at least once. We are surrounded by moments of pleasure all day long, however, we need to attend to them in order to benefit. Try to savor at least three moments this week by focusing on what you can see, smell, taste, hear, and touch.
How did this work for me? (1)

Positive Emotions (video)
Watch the video and answer the questions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKggZhYwoys
(00-2:00)
1. According to scientists, what percentage of your cells is replaced each day?

2. How long does it take to make a lifestyle change?

3. According to recent research, what do emotions affect?

4. What does an increase in positive emotions change?

(3:00-4:59)
5. What does loving kindness meditation ask people to cultivate?

6. In the chart presented (4:03), was there a huge increase in the group who meditated for 8 weeks?

7. Were the subjects in the meditation group beginner or experienced?

8. What is one of the resources that people attain with an increase of positive emotion traits?

(5:00-6:00)
9. What is resilience?

10. What were some of the findings that Fredrickson discovered post-meditation?

(6:00-7:00)
11. What does languish mean?

12. Fredrickson claims that the amount of positive emotions people have in their lives can predict if people will languish or flourish. What does this mean?


Reading & Summary for today:
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/four_ways_happiness_can_hurt_you#:~:text=What’s%20more%2C%20psychologist%20Barbara%20Fredrickson,actually%20lead%20to%20psychological%20harm.


Week 5: Class 1: Flow
Three good things – you know how to do this right?

Reflection: What hobbies do you have in which you spend much time and use your talents/skills? If none, why do you think that is? Give reasons that apply to you and perhaps for other students.


What were some activities you used to do when you were a kid?

Recall these activities and put yourself back there, how did they feel? What did you accomplish? How did you feel about yourself doing them? What positive experiences emerged? What negative experiences did you have and what did those teach you?

Why did your parents feel it was important to put you in extracurricular activities?

PPI: Flow. Think about where you could achieve flow on a weekly basis in your current life. What did you used to do that brought you joy that you could do again? Or what might be a new activity that you could devote a little time weekly so that you could be rejuvenated for your work and move yourself towards a greater version of yourself? (1)

Introduction
Flow =
Survey Your Life

Csikszentmihalyi study –

More flow =

Less flow =
Pick an Activity

Leisure-
Physical activity-
Work-
Music-
Relationships-
Thinking-

Flow Triggers

Rest

How to Cultivate Flow Adapted from Positive Psychopedia


“There is never a good excuse for being bored,” writes Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life.
There are opportunities for flow everywhere, even if they are difficult to find. Flow is different from many of the other happiness practices. It is not something that you can command. Instead, the best method to practice flow is create conditions that are ideal for flow. Look at the four elements below to understand how to attain flow.
1. Survey your life
A study by Csikszentmihalyi and his team asked people about how concentrated and in flow they were during a variety of daily activities. Hobbies, sports, and movies tend to give us the most flow, followed by working and driving. In contrast, some of the activities we seek out – like watching TV, reading, and rest – give us less flow than average. Therefore, it is difficult to know what makes us happy.
2. Pick a flow activity
When do you experience the most concentration and flow? According to the results of Csikszentmihalyi’s study, it’s likely to be during a favorite hobby or at work.
Once you find an activity to focus on, commit to spending more time doing it.
• Flow in leisure. Playing sports or chess, photography, or starting a collection. Keep an eye out for hobbies or interests that grab your attention, and indulge them.
• Flow in physical activity. Play sports, exercise, walk – whatever gets your body moving.
• Flow at work. Work is one of the easiest places to find flow, because many of the common triggers of flow are present there already.
• Flow through music. Have you ever sat down and really listened to music? For some people, this is a novel experience – we tend to listen to music when we’re doing other things, like exercising or commuting. Csikszentmihalyi found that the people who find flow in music have some sort of ritual, where they set aside special time for it and then turn down the lights and block out other distractions.
• Flow in relationships. Boredom can set in in long-term relationships, but flow can keep us energized and connected. Focus on having better conversations, trying new activities together, and setting shared goals.
• Flow in thinking. We can enter a flow state with only our minds as a tool. For example, we might get into flow by daydreaming, reminiscing about the past, or thinking about the meaning of life. Reading is another popular way to find flow. Learning for the love of learning is another method to achieve flow.
3. Add flow triggers
Once you’ve selected an area of your life where you want to cultivate more flow, it’s time to set up a flow-nurturing environment. In his book The Rise of Superman: Decoding the Science of Ultimate Human Performance, Steven Kotler explains all the “flow triggers” that his team and other researchers have identified. The people who spend more of their lives in flow try to structure their lives around these triggers – so try to add them to your activity of choice.
1. High consequences. This is the trigger favored by action-adventure athletes: they put themselves in situations – climbing a mountain without ropes, or riding rapids – where death is always knocking at their door. Thanks to evolution, our brains sit up and pay attention when our lives are on the line. But the risks that trigger flow can also be social, mental, or emotional.
2. Rich environment. Evolution has also trained us to pay attention to things that are new, unpredictable, or complex. Putting ourselves in a new situation uses this trigger.
3. Deep embodiment. When all our five senses are taking in information, and we’re calculating our position and balance, we may get into flow. This trigger is present in yoga, martial arts, walking meditation, and sports.
4. Clear goals. Like a mountain climber or a salesperson, we focus when goals are clearly defined: reach the summit or make the sale. Goals seem to provide a framework within which we can lose ourselves, confident that we know where we’re going.
5. Immediate feedback. Once we have a clear direction, feedback lets us know that we’re getting closer. Feedback might come from other people, from our own personal standards, or (most helpfully) from the activity itself. The quicker the feedback comes, the faster we can course-correct and the more likely we are to get into flow. In groups, feedback takes the form of communication – like family members sharing thoughts and laughter.
6. Challenges match skills. One of the reasons flow activities engage us is that they demand much from us: we have to bring our full concentration and abilities to tackle the challenges at hand. It’s hard to get into flow if the challenge is far beyond our means – it creates stress – or too easy – it creates boredom. Researchers suggest the sweet spot is something that’s 4% harder than our skills.
7. Deep concentration. Deep concentration can drive us into flow, where we don’t have the brain cells to spare for the sound of a text message or the feeling of inadequacy. This contributes to the sense that we’re acting almost automatically or spontaneously during a flow experience.
8. Control. We feel a sense of control in flow. The control we feel in flow is effortless – in fact, it almost feels as if something else is in control. In groups, even though members have to collaborate and work together, they all feel competent and free to do what they want.
9. Focus on the present. Flow is a state of harmony, where thoughts, emotions, and goals are completely aligned with the current task. In groups, this present focus takes the form of close listening to each other – we focus on understanding someone’s meaning in a conversation, instead of planning our next move.
10. Equal participation. In group flow, each member feels like they’re contributing to the conversation, performance, or product.
11. Blending egos. When someone is the center of attention, it’s very hard for everyone else to get into flow – think of the basketball player who won’t pass or the musician who insists on playing more loudly than everyone else.
12. Familiarity. Groups in flow, whether they’re sports teams, jazz ensembles, or book clubs, share a common language, knowledge, and assumptions. They don’t have to stop to explain lingo or decisions; everyone is on the same page.
13. Always say yes. Flow is collaborative, not argumentative. If groups are going to flow, they need to build on each other rather than tearing each other down.
14. Being creative. By definition, creativity involves taking risks and seeing new patterns (triggers 1 and 2). This combination of high consequences and novelty means that moments of creativity are often moments of flow.
4. Rest
Psychologist Daniel Goleman reminds us that focus is like a muscle – and muscles get tired. We can’t be in flow all the time, but there are better and worse ways to relax. Some of them require little concentration, like taking a walk in nature, while others are focused but still relaxing.


Week 5: Class 2: Engagement and Doing

Three good things…

What society expects you to do as an adult? What YOU’D like to do as an adult?

What’s your form of “play?” (1)
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Homework 2
Ask 5 people what they do outside work, school and/or parenting?
Put the results of your small study here:
Participants Age Gender What do they do?
1
2
3
4
5

Reflection:
Do we as a society, spend enough time on ‘good recreation’ (e.g., sports) or passive leisure (e.g., watching movies)?

What are the physical, emotional, and social results?

Do you use free time well?


Week 6: Class 2 “Time Off”
3 good things:

How do you spend your time off? Is it helpful? Energising? Productive? Inspiring? Describe it.

How Most People Waste Their Time Off Adapted from Stillman, J. (Inc.com)
So how was your holiday break? Did the time off refresh you? Did you use your long weekend to the fullest? Are you energized and ready to come back to work? Too often when we return from vacation, our answers to these questions are sadly negative. Either our time away flew by, or we somehow manage to feel just as tense at the end of the break as we did at the beginning. There has to be a better way. The problem is that our instincts on how to best utilize our time off are often at odds with the psychology of what actually refreshes the human brain. In short: your desire to sit around doing as little as possible is probably destroying your breaks.
Why your “relaxing” doesn’t work
Many people prefer lazing around on their time off but according to legendary psychologist and Flow author Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, this sort of slothful “relaxation” actually doesn’t do much to reset and refresh your brain. “For quite a few people free time is… wasted,” claims Csikszentmihalyi. “Leisure provides a relaxing respite from work, but it generally consists of passively absorbing information, without using any skills or exploring new opportunities for action. As a result life passes in a sequence of boring and anxious experiences over which a person has little control.”
What should you do instead of binging on your favorite Netflix show or relaxing in your friend’s back garden? Csikszentmihalyi insists that if you really want to refresh your mind, you need to engage it. People are “happiest when they were just talking to one another, when they gardened or were involved in a hobby,” he explains, citing his research and noting that all of these activities “demand a relatively high investment of psychic energy.” So if you want your break to feel actually enjoyable and worthwhile (and also longer — laziness makes time feel like it passed in the blink of an eye), you need to actually do something a little challenging.
The limits of relaxing
It’s not just Csikszentmihalyi who makes this point. Time use expert Laura Vanderkam also agrees that the most refreshing breaks aren’t necessarily the most relaxing. “Other kinds of work–be it exercise, a creative hobby, hands-on parenting, or volunteering–will do more to preserve your zest for work challenges than complete vegetation,” she has written before recommending that, if you really want to feel fully energized after a break, you should proactively schedule challenging or engaging activities rather than just planning to relax and take things the days as they come.
How do you relax?

Introduction
Paragraphs 1-3

Why relaxing does not work

Paragraphs 1-4

Limits of Relaxing

Paragraphs 1-2


How Successful People Spend Their Weekends Adapted from Bradberry T. (Forbes.com)
A new study from Stanford University shows that productivity per hour declines sharply when the workweek exceeds 50 hours, and it drops off so much after 55 hours that there’s no point in working any more. Therefore, people who work as much as 70 hours (or more) per week actually get the same amount done as people who work 55 hours. Those extra hours are wasted. Successful people know the importance of shifting gears on the weekend to relaxing and rejuvenating activities. They use their weekends to create a better week ahead. This is easier said than done. The following list contains 10 things that successful people do to find balance on the weekend and to come into work at 110% at the start of the week.
1. They Wake Up at the Same Time
It is tempting to sleep in on the weekend to catch up on your sleep. Though it feels good temporarily, having an inconsistent wake-up time disturbs your circadian rhythm. Your body cycles through an elaborate series of sleep phases in order for you to wake up rested and refreshed. One of these phases involves preparing your mind to be awake and alert, which is why people often wake up just before their alarm clock goes off (the brain is trained and ready). When you sleep past your regular wake-up time on the weekend, you end up feeling groggy and tired. This isn’t just disruptive to your day off, it also makes you less productive at the start of the work week because your brain isn’t ready to wake up at your regular time. If you need to catch up on sleep, just go to bed earlier.
2. They Designate Mornings as Me Time
It can be difficult to get time to yourself on the weekends, especially if you have family. Finding a way to engage in an activity you’re passionate about first thing in the morning can pay massive dividends in happiness and cleanliness of mind. It is also a great way to perfect your circadian rhythm by forcing yourself to wake up at the same time you do on weekdays. Your mind achieves peak performance two-to-four hours after you wake up, so get up early to do something physical, and then sit down and engage in something mental while your mind is at its peak.
3. They Schedule Micro-Adventures
Buy tickets to a concert or play. Instead of running on a treadmill, plan a hike. Try something you haven’t done before or perhaps something you haven’t done in a long time. Studies show that anticipating something good to come is a significant part of what makes the activity pleasurable. Knowing that you have something interesting planned for Saturday will not only be fun, but it will significantly improve your mood throughout the week.
4. They Pursue a Passion
You might be surprised what happens when you pursue something you’re passionate about on weekends. Indulging your passions is a great way to escape stress and to open your mind to new ways of thinking. Things like playing music, reading, writing or painting, can help stimulate different modes of thought that can reap huge dividends over the coming week.
5. They Disconnect
Disconnecting is the most important weekend strategy on this list, because if you can’t find a way to remove yourself electronically from your work then you’ve never really left work. Making yourself available to your work 24/7 exposes you to a constant barrage of stressors that prevent you from refocusing and recharging. If taking the entire weekend off handling work e-mails and calls isn’t realistic, try designating specific times on the weekend for checking e-mails and responding to voicemails. Scheduling short blocks of time will alleviate stress without sacrificing availability.
6. They Minimize Chores
Chores have a funny habit of completely taking over your weekends. When this happens, you lose the opportunity to relax and reflect. What’s worse is that a lot of chores feel like work, and if you spend all weekend doing them, you just put in a seven-day workweek. To keep this from happening, you need to schedule your chores like you would anything else during the week, and if you don’t complete them during the allotted time, you move on and finish them the following weekend.
7. They Exercise
No time to exercise during the week? You have 48 hours every weekend to make it happen. Getting your body moving for as little as 10 minutes releases GABA, a soothing neurotransmitter that reduces stress. Exercise is also a great way to come up with new ideas. Innovators and other successful people know that being outdoors often sparks creativity. Whether you’re running, cycling, or gardening, exercise leads to endorphin-fueled introspection. The key is to find a physical activity that does this for you and then to make it an important part of your weekend routine.
8. They Reflect
Weekly reflection is a powerful tool for improvement. Use the weekend to contemplate the larger forces that are shaping your industry, your organization, and your job. You should be able to see things in a whole new light. Use this insight to alter your approach to the coming week, improving the efficiency and efficacy of your work.
9. They Spend Quality Time with Family
Spending quality time with your family on the weekend is essential if you want to recharge and relax. Family time on the weekend is so important. Weekdays are so hectic that the entire week can fly by with little quality family time.
10. They Prepare for the Upcoming Week
The weekend is a great time to spend a few moments planning your upcoming week. As little as 30 minutes of planning can yield significant gains in productivity and reduced stress. The week feels a lot more manageable when you go into it with a plan because all you have to do is execute it.
Introduction

Wake up

Me Time

Micro-adventures

Passion

Disconnect

Chores

Exercise

Reflect

Family

Prepare Upcoming Week

Week 7: Class 1 Character Strengths
3 good things…

Reflection: What strengths do you have? Write a short story of 1-3 paragraphs about a time when you were at your very best; what strengths were you showing? (1)

Think of a time when you did not use your strengths. How was the result different? How did you feel differently about you? How did acting on your strengths bring out the best in you/situation?

Complete the VIA: http://www.viacharacter.org/www/Character-Strengths-Survey
Reflection: My top 5 strengths are: (1)

Look at the definitions of your 5 strengths; is the test accurate? Is it how you describe yourself?

How do you use these in your everyday life?

What happens when you are prevented from using your top strengths and have to rely on some of your weaker ones instead? How does it feel? How are you less productive or personable? How is it different to use your top versus weak strengths?


Week 7: Class 2 Strengths Continued
Today, you will make a video of yourself describing your strengths just like you heard in the video. You can show it in the next class (1)
How did you feel about yourself doing this video? Was it hard to describe yourself? What did you end up saying? Would it be appealing for employers?

Reflection: What should you know about yourself when applying for a job? Why does a match between your strengths and work matter?


PPI: Think about your family members who, over the course of history, overcame adversity with admiration. Describe their strengths, good deeds, reputation, and lasting legacy. For instance, was your grandmother brave? What stories do you remember about her? Are your uncles funny, generous? You can do this with your family and describe family members with stories of how these strengths were shown. Then, think about yourself. Which strengths do you share with your family? Which strengths are yours alone? What strengths could you use to be more like them – assuming you want to! (1)

were shown. Then, think about yourself. Which strengths do you share with your family? Which strengths are yours alone? What strengths could you use to be more like them – assuming you want to! (1)

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