Geography

Geography 132 & 132L

Physical Geography: Natural Landscapes

Lab III

Chapter 13

(55 points)

Instructions

Read the information provided and answer the following questions in this document.

All your answers should be submitted in red. The lab is due Sunday, September 13th, at 11:59 pm, in the dropbox folder “Lab III”, in pdf format.

The grading of all your answers will be based on how much detail you provide. This does not mean length. Go in depth and use the appropriate punctuation.

Do not use the expressions “I think”, or “I believe”. Base your answers on the information you learned from your textbook.

Do not paraphrase the textbook, use your own words to provide value to the answer.

Add a reference page for your sources.

Always read all the instructions carefully.

Grading: the questions are worth 52 points, and 3 points are earned by following the instructions provided above.

Chapter 13: Weathering, Karst, and Mass Movement

Section 13.1: Weathering processes

Questions

Define physical weathering (1 point)

In bullet points, define the different kinds of physical weathering. For each kind, you will research a location with an image of frost wedging and insert the link of your source (these must be different ones than the examples provided on your book) (8 points)

Frost wedging

Definition:

Place where the example you found occurred:

Image:

Source:

Thermal expansion

Definition:

Place where the example you found occurred:

Image:

Source:

Salt-crystal growth

Definition:

Place where the example you found occurred:

Image:

Source:

Exfoliation

Definition:

Place where the example you found occurred:

Image:

Source:

Define chemical weathering (1 point)

In bullet points, define the different kinds of chemical weathering. For each kind, you will research a location with an image of frost wedging and insert the link of your source (these must be different ones than the examples provided on your book) (8 points)

Hydration and hydrology

Definition of each:

Place where the example you found occurred:

Image:

Source:

Oxidation

Definition:

Place where the example you found occurred:

Image:

Source:

Dissolution of carbonates

Definition:

Place where the example you found occurred:

Image:

Source:

Explain differential weathering and mention (do not need to explain) the factors that affect weathering processes (3 points)

Section 13.2: Liquefaction

Liquefaction occurs when vibrations or water pressure within a mass of soil cause the soil particles to lose contact with one another. As a result, the soil behaves like a liquid, has an inability to support weight and can flow down very gentle slopes. This condition is usually temporary and is most often caused by an earthquake vibrating water – saturated fill or unconsolidated soil. Liquefaction most often occurs when three conditions are met: loose, granular sediment or fill; saturation by ground water; and strong shaking.

Instructions

Now that you know where earthquakes and volcanoes occur, you also know where earthquakes byproducts also occur. Tsunamis is one of earthquakes byproducts which we will cover later in the semester. For this activity, you will research for one example (real case) of places affected by liquefaction around the world. Include the link of the case found (may be a news article or something similar).

Questions

Where did it occur and when? (1 point)

Do you know how many people were affected by it? (1 point)

Based on this place’s geography (location), is it likely to experience liquefaction and or earthquakes? Why or why not? Hint: refer where this place is located within the plate boundary (2 points)

Section 13.3: Karst Topography

Instructions

With your own words, define karst topography and mention the necessary conditions for it to occur (3 points)

Research two different places around the world with karst topography and include: (4 points)

– a description of where this is found and provide some details (such as how much karst topography can be found on that region)

– an image of each place chosen (that includes the karst landscape)

– the links to your sources

Section 13.4: Mass Movement

Part I: Human induced mass movement

Mention examples of how humans can accelerate the natural process of mass wasting (3 points)

Mention a major industry related to moving sediment, soil, and rock material (3 points)

Part II: Case study: The Dakota Pipeline

Instructions

Read the following articles and answers the questions.

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/03/north-dakota-access-oil-pipeline-protests-explainer

https://earthjustice.org/news/press/2020/dc-circuit-mixed-decision-dakota-access-shutdown-order

Questions

Explain the main dispute about the Dakota Pipeline (3 points)

What is the main industry involved with the issue? (1 point)

Who is the main group affected by this issue? (1 point)

What is a key natural resource affected by this issue? (1 point)

How many people would be affected by the contamination of this resource in the area? (2 points)

What are possible consequences of oil extraction in the region? You must think of the entire process. Think about issues with extraction and transportation of oil (3 points)

What are social issues related to this issue? Property/Intellectual rights etcetera. (2 points)

The current administration took a side on this issue, did this administration support the group people concerned and possibly affected by this issue or the industry? (1 point)